REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS IN CAPTIVITY - BREEDING - SALAMANDERS - GENUS INDEX Index

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AMPHIBIA/GYMNOPHIONA/CAECILIIDAE
Dermophis
AMPHIBIA/GYMNOPHIONA/TYPHLONECTIDAE
Typhlonectes
AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/AMBYSTOMATIDAE
Ambystoma
AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE
Cryptobranchus
AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/PLETHODONTIDAE
Bolitoglossa
Eurycea
Pseudotriton
Typhlomolge
AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/SALAMANDRIDAE
Cynops
Mertensiella
Notophthalmus
Pleurodeles
Salamandra
Taricha
Triturus
Tylototriton

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AMPHIBIA/GYMNOPHIONA/CAECILIIDAE
CAECILIIDAE

Dermophis mexicanus
Mexican Caecilian
1996 PHIP 0.0.5 born during 1996.

AMPHIBIA/GYMNOPHIONA/TYPHLONECTIDAE
TYPHLONECTIDAE

Typhlonectes sp.

1985 RION 0.0.1 young born. Uncertian whether mating was wild or captive.
1986 RION 0.0.4 young during 1986.
1987 RION 0.0.4 born during 1987.
1989 ZOOE 0.0.8 born during 1989.
1990 TOLO 0.0.3 born during 1990.
1995 TOLO 0.0.6 born during 1995.
1996 PPJI 0.0.13 born from 3 females during 1996.
1996 PPSSc 0.0.13 born during 1996. 3 females had 13 larvae.

Typhlonectes compressicauda
Aquatic Caecilian
1987 PPABa 0.0.13 born during 1987.
1989 LINI 0.0.8 born during 1989.
1990 ZOOE 0.0.2 born during 1990.
1993 FRAG 0.0.13 born during 1993.
1994 METO 0.0.15 born/bred during 1994.
1995 PHIP 0.0.10 born during 1995.
1996 METO 0.0.3 born during 1996.

Typhlonectes natans
Aquatic Caecilian
1981 OKLO bred during 1981.
1986 SENN 0.0.5 born during 1986. 3 on 10/7, and 2 on 10/14/86.
1988 BUFN 0.0.1 born April 17,1988.
1993 BUFN 0.0.5 born during 1993.
1994 DETM 0.0.12 born during 1994.
1996 BUFN 0.0.5 born during 1996.
1996 PHIP 0.1.20 born during 1996.
1997 DETM 0.0.7 born during 1997.
1997 PHIP 0.0.6 born during 1997. 2 did not survive.

AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/AMBYSTOMATIDAE
AMBYSTOMATIDAE

Ambystoma dumerili
Lake Patzcuaro Salamander
1980 CINO 0.0.50 metamorphosed during 1980.

Ambystoma maculatum
Spotted Salamander
1985 BURN 0.0.85 during 1985.
1991 RION 0.0.80 metamorphosed during 1990.
1993 TENT 0.0.5 metamorphosed during 1993.
1996 PHIP 0.0.4 metamorphosed during 1996.

Ambystoma mexicanum
Axolotl
1978 DETM 0.0.? metamorphosed during 1978. eggs laid 21 Sep, metamorphosed Dec 1978.
1979 DETM 0.0.100 metamorphosed during 1979. eggs laid 3 Sep, all bad.; eggs laid 8 Oct, 100 metamorphosed Dec 1979.
1979 MILW bred during 1979.
1980 DETM 0.0.100 metamorphosed Jan 1980 from eggs laid 3 Dec 1979.
1981 DETM bred during 1981.
1982 PPRT 0.0.250 metamorphosed during 1982.
1985 AXOI During 1985 we obtained 132 spawns. Most were obtained naturally, without the aid of hormone injections or artificial insemination techniques. Most spawns have 200 to 800 eggs. Fertility varies from just a few percent to 98% or higher. Completely infertile spawns are unusual. Viability also varies a great deal, but a healthy female usually gives a spawn with viability between 50 and 100%.
1986 AXOI Bred during 1986.
1986 PRAC 0.0.10 metamorphosed during 1986.
1987 NOOH 0.0.12 metamorphosed during 1987.
1987 WIEP 0.0.20 metamorphosed during 1987.
1987 ZOOE 0.0.50 metamorphosed during 1987.
1988 CHEEa 0.0.132 metamorphosed during 1988.
1988 PPLSc 0.0.500 + young during 1988.
1988 ROEC 0.0.12 metamorphosed during 1988. 80 eggs laid Feb 20th, 12 hatched and developed into adults.
1988 ZOOE 0.0.50 metamorphosed during 1988.
1989 BURN 0.0.150 metamorphosed of 300 hatched, during 1989.
1989 CANE 0.0.24 metamorphosed during 1989.
1989 ROEC 289 metamorphosed during 1989. 248 Jan 5-13, 1989. 41 Feb 21, 1989.
1989 UENJ 0.0.30 metamorphosed during 1989.
1990 AUDL 0.0.91 metamorphosed during 1990.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.
1991 AXOI bred during 1991. (lots).
1991 BIRA bred during 1991.
1991 CHEEa 0.0.81 metamorphosed during 1991.
1991 NATG 0.0.70 metamorphosed during 1991.
1991 RION 0.0.80 metamorphosed during 1991.
1992 AXOI 0.0.3626+ metamorphosed during 1992. We obtained 448 spawns in 1992 from 1,665 tries. (27% success).
1992 CHEEa 0.0.6 metamorphosed during 1992.
1993 AXOI 0.0.4,449 metamorphosed during 1993. In 1993 we shipped 97,258 embryos and 4,449 larvae for research and classroom use. We obtained 384 spawns in 1993 out of 1,550 tries,(25%).
1993 CHEEa 0.0.60 metamorphosed during 1993.
1994 AXOI 0.0.450 metamorphosed during 1994.
1994 NATS 0.0.80 metamorphosed during 1994.
1995 COLO 0.0.15 metamorphosed during 1995.
1995 NEZN 0.0.2 metamorphosed during 1995.
1996 CHEC 0.0.51 metamorphosed during 1996.
1997 DETM 2.1.7 metamorphosed during 1997.
1997 JACF 0.0.8 matamorphosed 3 Apr 1997.
1997 METO 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1997.
1997 WILG 0.0.350 metamorphosed during 1997.

Ambystoma opacum
Marbled Salamander
1996 TOLO 1.0.1 metamorphosed during 1996.

Ambystoma tigrinum

Ambystoma tigrinum ssp.
Tiger Salamander
1989 NATW 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1989.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.

AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE
CRYPTOBRANCHIDAE

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis

Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis
Eastern Hellbender
1985 BUFN 0.0.10 metamorphosed during 1985.

AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/PLETHODONTIDAE
PLETHODONTIDAE

Bolitoglossa mexicana
Palm Salamander
1986 ABIT 0.0.1 young during 1986.

Eurycea neotenes
Texas Salamander
1991 DALTb 0.0.4 metamorphosed during 1991. water PH 8.0; 72 degrees F., 451 ppm carbonate hardness; 17 eggs laid singly on submerged aquatic plants 12 Feb; eggs white in color; four (4) hatched in 14 - 19 days; metamorphosed in 9 months.
1992 DALT 0.0.2 metamorphosed during 1992. More eggs.
1993 DALTb bred twice during 1993 in our artificial "aquifer upwelling". Ovipositions occurred 2 April and 10 May. The May oviposition was by an F1 female from a 1991 breeding.

Pseudotriton ruber

Pseudotriton ruber ruber
Northern Red Salamander
1995 CINO 0.0.2 metamorphosed during 1995.

Typhlomolge rathbuni
Texas Blind Salamander
1980 CINO 0.0.17 metamorphosed during 1980.

AMPHIBIA/CAUDATA/SALAMANDRIDAE
SALAMANDRIDAE

Cynops sp.
Newt
1982 PPSHa bred during 1982. Do not feed for about two weeks, during which time they are kept in darkness. When I went on vacation last summer, this is what occurred, unintentionally, as the fuse on the light circuit burned out while I was away. When I returned, and replaced the fuse, thereby restoring the light, and resumed feeding after their fast. I found a fair number of fertile eggs the very next day.

Cynops ensicauda

Cynops ensicauda ssp.
Brown Newt
1981 STLM 0.0.6 metamorphosed during 1981.

Cynops ensicauda ensicauda
Taiwan Newt
1987 DETM 0.0.9 metamorphosed during 1987.
1989 HENN bred during 1989. It is interesting to note that the same pair has been producing fertile eggs for over a year on a daily basis. The pair is kept in a small plastic aquarium (approx. 2 gallons). The water is about 6 inches deep and is usually kept at 66 degrees F. There are a few large rocks and the eggs are attached to floating plastic plants. The eggs are then removed and allowed to hatch.
1990 DETM bred during 1990.
1996 DETM 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1996.

Cynops ensicauda popei
Okinawa Newt
1991 NATG 0.0.13 metamorphosed during 1991.

Cynops pyrrhogaster

Cynops pyrrhogaster ssp.
Japanese Newt
1980 DETM bred during 1980.
1981 DETM bred during 1981.
1986 BRIE Bred during 1986.
1988 CHEEa 0.0.4 metamorphosed during 1988.
1988 PPLSc 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1988.
1989 METO 0.0.3 metamorphosed during 1989.
1990 METO 0.0.2 metamorphosed during 1990.
1991 MELA 0.0.25 metamorphosed during 1991.
1992 CHEEa 0.0.17 metamorphosed during 1992.
1992 MELA 0.0.33 metamorphosed during 1992.
1993 TOLO 0.0.14 metamorphosed during 1993.

Mertensiella caucasica
Caucasian Salamander
1987 MOSR 0.0.20 metamorphosed during 1987.
1989 MOSR 0.0.8 metamorphosed during 1989.

Notophthalmus meridionalis
Black-spotted Newt
1988 GLAT 0.0.12 metamorphosed during 1988.
1991 GLAT 0.0.6 metamorphosed during 1991.

Notophthalmus viridescens

Notophthalmus viridescens ssp.
Eastern Newt
1979 NATW 0.0.103 metamorphosed during 1979, only 3 survived.
1982 PPPV 0.0.26 metamorphosed during 1982.
1987 GRAC 0.0.55 metamorphosed during 1987. 1 on Jan 1st, 6 on Feb 2nd, 9 on Feb 20th, and 29 on Feb 24th.
1990 LOUK bred during 1990.
1990 NATW 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1990.
1991 NATW 0.0.3 metamorphosed during 1991.

Notophthalmus viridescens dorsalis
Broken-striped Newt
1997 JACF 0.0.36 metamorphosed around May 15, 1997.

Pleurodeles sp.

1982 MILW 0.0.200 metamorphosed during 1982.

Pleurodeles poireti
Algerian Newt
1980 DETM bred during 1980.
1981 STLM 0.0.100 + metamorphosed during 1981.
1986 COLO 0.0.200 metamorphosed during 1986.

Pleurodeles waltl
Iberian Ribbed Newt
1982 PPRT 0.0.274 metamorphosed during 1982.
1986 MIEP Bred during 1986.
1986 WIEP 0.0.40 metomorphosed during 1986.
1987 RIGR bred during 1987. Stimulated with hormones.
1988 MIEP 0.0.40 metamorphosed during 1988.
1988 PPLSc 0.0.300 + young during 1988.
1988 PPSRa 0.0.30 metamorphosed during 1988.
1988 ZOOE 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1988.
1989 ZOOE 0.0.50 metamorphosed during 1989.
1990 MIEP 0.0.360 metamorphosed during 1990.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.
1993 PPAVa 0.0.14 metamorphosed during 1993. Egg laying December. Hatching after 10 - 14 days at 18 - 20 degrees C.
1994 MIEP 0.0.3 metamorphosed during 1994.
1996 NEWN 0.0.22 metamorphosed during 1996.

Salamandra salamandra

Salamandra salamandra ssp.

1986 MOSR 0.0.10 metamorphosed during 1986.
1987 ZOOE 0.0.8 metamorphosed during 1987.
1988 ZOOE 0.0.106 metamorphosed during 1988.
1989 AUDL 0.0.7 metamorphosed during 1989.
1989 MEMT 0.0.2 metamorphosed during 1989.
1989 PPBL 0.0.40 metamorphosed during March 1989. Most people breed in small terraria and it is very hard to explain that if you start farming reptiles & amphibians in larger terraria, you cannot count them anymore. The ponds are full of larvae and further they stay under logs, leaves, etc.
1989 PPHHa 0.0.15 metamorphosed during 1989.
1989 ZOOE 0.0.15 metamorphosed during 1989.
1989 ZURS bred during 1989.
1990 ZOOE 0.0.1 metamorphosed during 1990.
1991 LINI 0.0.58 metamorphosed during 1991.
1995 CINO 0.0.10 metamorphosed during 1995.
1997 ROYN 0.0.27 metamorphosed during 1997.

Salamandra salamandra salamandra
Spotted Fire Salamander
1987 MOSR 0.0.52 metamorphosed during 1987.
1988 COTE 0.0.38 metamorphosed during 1988.
1988 MOSR 0.0.3 metamorphosed during 1988.
1989 MOSR 0.0.24 metamorphosed during 1989.
1991 COTE 0.0.4 metamorphosed during 1991.

Salamandra salamandra terrestris
Banded Fire Salamander
1991 PPEO 30 eggs laid, 21 hatched, 0 metamorphosed during 1991.

Taricha granulosa

Taricha granulosa ssp.
Roughskin Newt
1991 VANB 0.0.2 metamorphosed during 1991.

Taricha rivularis
Redbelly Newt
1985 ROYA Adults maintained in groups, usually 1.4 - 2.7. Mating July /August and eggs laid October/November. Eggs removed to separate small aquaria and hatched after about 20 days at 23 - 25 degrees C. Young readily fed on water crustacea and fish pellets.

Taricha torosa

Taricha torosa ssp.
California Newt
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.

Triturus alpestris

Triturus alpestris ssp.

1989 CALA 0.0.70 metamorphosed during 1989.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.

Triturus alpestris alpestris
Alpine Newt
1987 MOSR 0.0.50 metamorphosed during 1987.

Triturus cristatus
Crested Newt
1989 CALA 0.0.20 metamorphosed during 1989.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.
1997 ROYS 0.0.9 metamorphosed during 1997.

Triturus helveticus

Triturus helveticus ssp.

1982 PPPV 0.0.25 metamorphosed during 1982.

Triturus karlini
Southern Crested Newt
1986 MOSR 0.0.150 hormonally induced.

Triturus marmoratus
Marbled Newt
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.

Triturus montandoni
Carpathian Newt
1987 MOSR 0.0.50 metamorphosed during 1987.

Triturus vittatus

Triturus vittatus ophryticus
Banded Newt
1986 MOSR 0.0.600 metamorphosed during 1986. Hormonally induced.
1987 MOSR 0.0.200 metamorphosed during 1987. 2nd generation.

Triturus vulgaris
Smooth Newt
1986 MOSR 0.0.156 hormonally induced.

Triturus vulgaris ssp.
Smooth Newt
1982 PPPV 0.0.41 metamorphosed during 1982.
1986 RIGR Bred during 1986.
1987 RIGR bred during 1987.
1990 ZOOE 0.0.4 metamorphosed during 1990.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.

Tylototriton sanjing
Emperor Newy
1997 BALM 0.0.100 metamorphosed 21 Jun 1997.
1997 DETM 0.0.96 metamorphosed during 1997.
1997 METO 0.0.96 metamorphosed during 1997.
1997 PHIP 0.0.20 metamorphosed during 1997. 7 did not survive.

Tylototriton verrucosus
Orange-striped Newt
1990 DETM bred during 1990.
1991 ASSI bred during 1991.
1993 DETM 0.0.20 metamorphosed during 1993.
1994 DETM 0.0.43 metamorphosed during 1994.
1996 PPEK 0.0.3 metamorphosed during 1996. 5 specimens in quarantine in a shoebox on moist paper towel. Approximately 60 days later I found 27 eggs laid singly on the paper towel. I removed these and placed them in cool, clean water. They hatched in 7 - 10 days. 27 larvae were raised together in airated water and fed daphnia/tubifex/copepods. As they grew they canibalizes so that 17 remained. These were fed blackworms and tubifex, About five died during metamorphoses. Three survived and were about 1 - 1 1/2" at metamorphoses.

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